Detailed Test Results
For each of these five data hiding methods, 1096 stego-images are generated from the 1096 CorelDraw images. For each method, now we have 1096 pairs of images, one is the original image, another is the stego-image generated by the data hiding method. Then the 78-D feature vector as defined above is extracted from each of these 1096 pairs of images. The detection rate is reported by averaging over 50 times randomly conducted experiments. We list detailed test results as follows.
1. Test results for Cox et al.'s spread spectrum (SS) data embedding algorithm.
|
Test No |
Correct Detection Rate of Cover Images |
Correct Detection Rate of Stego Images |
Correct Detection Rate of All Images |
|
1 |
0.9727 |
0.9891 |
0.9809 |
|
2 |
0.9945 |
0.9836 |
0.9891 |
|
3 |
0.9891 |
0.9727 |
0.9809 |
|
4 |
0.9945 |
0.9836 |
0.9891 |
|
5 |
0.9891 |
0.9672 |
0.9781 |
|
6 |
0.9891 |
0.9781 |
0.9836 |
|
7 |
0.9508 |
0.9727 |
0.9617 |
|
8 |
0.9672 |
0.9727 |
0.9699 |
|
9 |
0.9672 |
0.9727 |
0.9699 |
|
10 |
0.9891 |
0.9399 |
0.9645 |
|
11 |
0.9836 |
0.9781 |
0.9809 |
|
12 |
0.9781 |
0.9891 |
0.9836 |
|
13 |
0.9563 |
0.9727 |
0.9645 |
|
14 |
0.9727 |
0.9836 |
0.9781 |
|
15 |
0.9781 |
0.9781 |
0.9781 |
|
16 |
0.9836 |
0.9891 |
0.9863 |
|
17 |
0.9727 |
0.9672 |
0.9699 |
|
18 |
0.9781 |
0.9617 |
0.9699 |
|
19 |
0.9727 |
0.9672 |
0.9699 |
|
20 |
0.9781 |
0.9781 |
0.9781 |
|
21 |
0.9945 |
0.9672 |
0.9809 |
|
22 |
0.9727 |
1.0000 |
0.9863 |
|
23 |
0.9836 |
0.9727 |
0.9781 |
|
24 |
0.9563 |
0.9781 |
0.9672 |
|
25 |
0.9781 |
0.9672 |
0.9727 |
|
26 |
0.9727 |
0.9945 |
0.9836 |
|
27 |
0.9781 |
0.9836 |
0.9809 |
|
28 |
0.9945 |
0.9781 |
0.9863 |
|
29 |
0.9672 |
0.9945 |
0.9809 |
|
30 |
0.9781 |
0.9727 |
0.9754 |
|
31 |
0.9727 |
0.9836 |
0.9781 |
|
32 |
0.9836 |
0.9781 |
0.9809 |
|
33 |
0.9727 |
0.9672 |
0.9699 |
|
34 |
0.9672 |
0.9836 |
0.9754 |
|
35 |
0.9945 |
0.9727 |
0.9836 |
|
36 |
0.9945 |
0.9836 |
0.9891 |
|
37 |
0.9727 |
0.9781 |
0.9754 |
|
38 |
0.9672 |
0.9781 |
0.9727 |
|
39 |
0.9891 |
0.9727 |
0.9809 |
|
40 |
0.9891 |
0.9727 |
0.9809 |
|
41 |
1.0000 |
0.9836 |
0.9918 |
|
42 |
0.9945 |
0.9781 |
0.9863 |
|
43 |
0.9891 |
0.9945 |
0.9918 |
|
44 |
0.9617 |
0.9945 |
0.9781 |
|
45 |
0.9727 |
0.9617 |
0.9672 |
|
46 |
0.9781 |
0.9672 |
0.9727 |
|
47 |
0.9781 |
0.9836 |
0.9809 |
|
48 |
0.9836 |
0.9617 |
0.9727 |
|
49 |
0.9891 |
0.9781 |
0.9836 |
|
50 |
0.9781 |
0.9617 |
0.9699 |
|
Average |
0.9792 |
0.9768 |
0.9780 |
2. Test results for Piva et al.'s SS data embedding algorithm.
|
Test No |
Correct Detection Rate of Cover Images |
Correct Detection Rate of Stego Images |
Correct Detection Rate of All Images |
|
1 |
0.9945 |
1.0000 |
0.9973 |
|
2 |
0.9672 |
0.9945 |
0.9809 |
|
3 |
0.9781 |
0.9945 |
0.9863 |
|
4 |
0.9836 |
0.9891 |
0.9863 |
|
5 |
0.9891 |
1.0000 |
0.9945 |
|
6 |
0.9617 |
0.9891 |
0.9754 |
|
7 |
0.9891 |
1.0000 |
0.9945 |
|
8 |
0.9891 |
1.0000 |
0.9945 |
|
9 |
0.9617 |
0.9891 |
0.9754 |
|
10 |
0.9836 |
0.9945 |
0.9891 |
|
11 |
0.9945 |
0.9945 |
0.9945 |
|
12 |
1.0000 |
0.9945 |
0.9973 |
|
13 |
0.9836 |
1.0000 |
0.9918 |
|
14 |
0.9891 |
1.0000 |
0.9945 |
|
15 |
0.9891 |
0.9945 |
0.9918 |
|
16 |
0.9891 |
0.9836 |
0.9863 |
|
17 |
0.9891 |
1.0000 |
0.9945 |
|
18 |
0.9891 |
0.9891 |
0.9891 |
|
19 |
0.9891 |
1.0000 |
0.9945 |
|
20 |
0.9836 |
1.0000 |
0.9918 |
|
21 |
0.9945 |
1.0000 |
0.9973 |
|
22 |
0.9945 |
1.0000 |
0.9973 |
|
23 |
0.9945 |
0.9945 |
0.9945 |
|
24 |
0.9891 |
0.9945 |
0.9918 |
|
25 |
0.9891 |
1.0000 |
0.9945 |
|
26 |
0.9836 |
1.0000 |
0.9918 |
|
27 |
0.9836 |
1.0000 |
0.9918 |
|
28 |
0.9617 |
0.9891 |
0.9754 |
|
29 |
0.9563 |
0.9945 |
0.9754 |
|
30 |
0.9836 |
1.0000 |
0.9918 |
|
31 |
0.9727 |
0.9891 |
0.9809 |
|
32 |
0.9781 |
0.9945 |
0.9863 |
|
33 |
0.9836 |
0.9945 |
0.9891 |
|
34 |
0.9891 |
1.0000 |
0.9945 |
|
35 |
0.9836 |
1.0000 |
0.9918 |
|
36 |
0.9891 |
0.9945 |
0.9918 |
|
37 |
0.9836 |
1.0000 |
0.9918 |
|
38 |
0.9891 |
0.9891 |
0.9891 |
|
39 |
0.9945 |
1.0000 |
0.9973 |
|
40 |
0.9836 |
0.9891 |
0.9863 |
|
41 |
0.9836 |
0.9945 |
0.9891 |
|
42 |
0.9781 |
0.9891 |
0.9836 |
|
43 |
1.0000 |
0.9945 |
0.9973 |
|
44 |
0.9781 |
0.9945 |
0.9863 |
|
45 |
0.9891 |
0.9945 |
0.9918 |
|
46 |
0.9727 |
0.9945 |
0.9836 |
|
47 |
1.0000 |
0.9945 |
0.9973 |
|
48 |
0.9836 |
1.0000 |
0.9918 |
|
49 |
0.9672 |
0.9945 |
0.9809 |
|
50 |
0.9781 |
0.9945 |
0.9863 |
|
Average |
0.9840 |
0.9955 |
0.9898 |
3. Test results for Huang and Shi's block SS data embedding algorithm.
|
Test No |
Correct Detection Rate of Cover Images |
Correct Detection Rate of Stego Images |
Correct Detection Rate of All Images |
|
1 |
0.9945 |
0.9945 |
0.9945 |
|
2 |
0.9781 |
0.9945 |
0.9863 |
|
3 |
0.9781 |
0.9891 |
0.9836 |
|
4 |
0.9891 |
0.9945 |
0.9918 |
|
5 |
0.9836 |
0.9945 |
0.9891 |
|
6 |
0.9945 |
0.9945 |
0.9945 |
|
7 |
0.9836 |
1.0000 |
0.9918 |
|
8 |
0.9836 |
1.0000 |
0.9918 |
|
9 |
0.9781 |
0.9945 |
0.9863 |
|
10 |
0.9891 |
0.9891 |
0.9891 |
|
11 |
0.9891 |
0.9891 |
0.9891 |
|
12 |
0.9781 |
0.9945 |
0.9863 |
|
13 |
0.9836 |
0.9945 |
0.9891 |
|
14 |
0.9945 |
0.9945 |
0.9945 |
|
15 |
0.9727 |
0.9891 |
0.9809 |
|
16 |
0.9836 |
0.9945 |
0.9891 |
|
17 |
0.9891 |
0.9891 |
0.9891 |
|
18 |
1.0000 |
0.9945 |
0.9973 |
|
19 |
1.0000 |
0.9945 |
0.9973 |
|
20 |
0.9891 |
1.0000 |
0.9945 |
|
21 |
0.9891 |
1.0000 |
0.9945 |
|
22 |
0.9836 |
0.9836 |
0.9836 |
|
23 |
0.9563 |
0.9945 |
0.9754 |
|
24 |
0.9836 |
0.9891 |
0.9863 |
|
25 |
0.9891 |
1.0000 |
0.9945 |
|
26 |
0.9836 |
0.9945 |
0.9891 |
|
27 |
0.9781 |
0.9945 |
0.9863 |
|
28 |
0.9945 |
1.0000 |
0.9973 |
|
29 |
0.9836 |
0.9945 |
0.9891 |
|
30 |
1.0000 |
1.0000 |
1.0000 |
|
31 |
0.9836 |
0.9891 |
0.9863 |
|
32 |
0.9836 |
1.0000 |
0.9918 |
|
33 |
0.9891 |
1.0000 |
0.9945 |
|
34 |
0.9945 |
0.9891 |
0.9918 |
|
35 |
1.0000 |
1.0000 |
1.0000 |
|
36 |
0.9891 |
1.0000 |
0.9945 |
|
37 |
0.9836 |
0.9836 |
0.9836 |
|
38 |
0.9781 |
0.9945 |
0.9863 |
|
39 |
0.9891 |
0.9836 |
0.9863 |
|
40 |
0.9945 |
0.9945 |
0.9945 |
|
41 |
0.9891 |
1.0000 |
0.9945 |
|
42 |
0.9781 |
0.9836 |
0.9809 |
|
43 |
0.9727 |
0.9945 |
0.9836 |
|
44 |
0.9836 |
0.9945 |
0.9891 |
|
45 |
0.9891 |
1.0000 |
0.9945 |
|
46 |
0.9617 |
0.9891 |
0.9754 |
|
47 |
0.9781 |
1.0000 |
0.9891 |
|
48 |
0.9727 |
0.9945 |
0.9836 |
|
49 |
0.9836 |
0.9945 |
0.9891 |
|
50 |
0.9945 |
1.0000 |
0.9973 |
|
Average |
0.9852 |
0.9943 |
0.9898 |
4. Test results for generic LSB data embedding algorithm (0.3 bpp).
|
Test No |
Correct Detection Rate of Cover Images |
Correct Detection Rate of Stego Images |
Correct Detection Rate of All Images |
|
1 |
0.9891 |
0.9945 |
0.9918 |
|
2 |
0.9781 |
0.9891 |
0.9836 |
|
3 |
0.9891 |
0.9945 |
0.9918 |
|
4 |
1.0000 |
0.9945 |
0.9973 |
|
5 |
0.9945 |
0.9891 |
0.9918 |
|
6 |
0.9891 |
1.0000 |
0.9945 |
|
7 |
0.9781 |
0.9945 |
0.9863 |
|
8 |
0.9781 |
0.9945 |
0.9863 |
|
9 |
0.9836 |
0.9891 |
0.9863 |
|
10 |
0.9836 |
1.0000 |
0.9918 |
|
11 |
0.9945 |
1.0000 |
0.9973 |
|
12 |
0.9891 |
1.0000 |
0.9945 |
|
13 |
1.0000 |
0.9891 |
0.9945 |
|
14 |
0.9836 |
1.0000 |
0.9918 |
|
15 |
0.9836 |
0.9945 |
0.9891 |
|
16 |
0.9945 |
0.9781 |
0.9863 |
|
17 |
0.9945 |
0.9836 |
0.9891 |
|
18 |
0.9781 |
0.9891 |
0.9836 |
|
19 |
0.9727 |
0.9945 |
0.9836 |
|
20 |
0.9781 |
1.0000 |
0.9891 |
|
21 |
0.9836 |
0.9945 |
0.9891 |
|
22 |
0.9781 |
0.9891 |
0.9836 |
|
23 |
0.9836 |
0.9945 |
0.9891 |
|
24 |
0.9836 |
1.0000 |
0.9918 |
|
25 |
0.9781 |
1.0000 |
0.9891 |
|
26 |
0.9891 |
0.9836 |
0.9863 |
|
27 |
1.0000 |
0.9945 |
0.9973 |
|
28 |
0.9836 |
0.9945 |
0.9891 |
|
29 |
1.0000 |
1.0000 |
1.0000 |
|
30 |
0.9781 |
1.0000 |
0.9891 |
|
31 |
0.9945 |
0.9945 |
0.9945 |
|
32 |
0.9945 |
0.9945 |
0.9945 |
|
33 |
0.9836 |
0.9945 |
0.9891 |
|
34 |
0.9781 |
0.9945 |
0.9863 |
|
35 |
0.9891 |
0.9945 |
0.9918 |
|
36 |
0.9891 |
1.0000 |
0.9945 |
|
37 |
0.9781 |
1.0000 |
0.9891 |
|
38 |
0.9891 |
0.9945 |
0.9918 |
|
39 |
0.9836 |
1.0000 |
0.9918 |
|
40 |
0.9945 |
1.0000 |
0.9973 |
|
41 |
0.9727 |
0.9945 |
0.9836 |
|
42 |
0.9891 |
1.0000 |
0.9945 |
|
43 |
0.9836 |
1.0000 |
0.9918 |
|
44 |
0.9727 |
1.0000 |
0.9863 |
|
45 |
0.9836 |
0.9891 |
0.9863 |
|
46 |
0.9781 |
0.9945 |
0.9863 |
|
47 |
0.9945 |
1.0000 |
0.9973 |
|
48 |
0.9727 |
0.9945 |
0.9836 |
|
49 |
0.9836 |
0.9945 |
0.9891 |
|
50 |
0.9891 |
0.9891 |
0.9891 |
|
Average |
0.9857 |
0.9949 |
0.9903 |
5. Test results for generic QIM data embedding algorithm (0.1 bpp).
|
Test No |
Correct Detection Rate of Cover Images |
Correct Detection Rate of Stego Images |
Correct Detection Rate of All Images |
|
1 |
0.9891 |
1.0000 |
0.9945 |
|
2 |
0.9836 |
1.0000 |
0.9918 |
|
3 |
0.9945 |
0.9945 |
0.9945 |
|
4 |
0.9891 |
0.9891 |
0.9891 |
|
5 |
0.9945 |
1.0000 |
0.9973 |
|
6 |
1.0000 |
1.0000 |
1.0000 |
|
7 |
0.9945 |
1.0000 |
0.9973 |
|
8 |
0.9781 |
1.0000 |
0.9891 |
|
9 |
0.9891 |
1.0000 |
0.9945 |
|
10 |
1.0000 |
0.9891 |
0.9945 |
|
11 |
0.9836 |
1.0000 |
0.9918 |
|
12 |
0.9945 |
0.9945 |
0.9945 |
|
13 |
1.0000 |
1.0000 |
1.0000 |
|
14 |
0.9945 |
1.0000 |
0.9973 |
|
15 |
0.9945 |
0.9891 |
0.9918 |
|
16 |
1.0000 |
0.9891 |
0.9945 |
|
17 |
0.9836 |
1.0000 |
0.9918 |
|
18 |
0.9891 |
1.0000 |
0.9945 |
|
19 |
1.0000 |
0.9945 |
0.9973 |
|
20 |
0.9945 |
1.0000 |
0.9973 |
|
21 |
0.9945 |
1.0000 |
0.9973 |
|
22 |
0.9945 |
0.9945 |
0.9945 |
|
23 |
1.0000 |
0.9891 |
0.9945 |
|
24 |
1.0000 |
1.0000 |
1.0000 |
|
25 |
0.9891 |
1.0000 |
0.9945 |
|
26 |
0.9836 |
1.0000 |
0.9918 |
|
27 |
0.9891 |
1.0000 |
0.9945 |
|
28 |
0.9891 |
0.9891 |
0.9891 |
|
29 |
0.9781 |
1.0000 |
0.9891 |
|
30 |
0.9945 |
0.9945 |
0.9945 |
|
31 |
0.9945 |
0.9945 |
0.9945 |
|
32 |
1.0000 |
0.9945 |
0.9973 |
|
33 |
1.0000 |
0.9945 |
0.9973 |
|
34 |
1.0000 |
0.9891 |
0.9945 |
|
35 |
1.0000 |
0.9945 |
0.9973 |
|
36 |
0.9945 |
0.9891 |
0.9918 |
|
37 |
0.9945 |
1.0000 |
0.9973 |
|
38 |
1.0000 |
1.0000 |
1.0000 |
|
39 |
0.9945 |
0.9945 |
0.9945 |
|
40 |
0.9945 |
0.9945 |
0.9945 |
|
41 |
0.9836 |
0.9945 |
0.9891 |
|
42 |
0.9836 |
1.0000 |
0.9918 |
|
43 |
0.9945 |
1.0000 |
0.9973 |
|
44 |
0.9891 |
0.9945 |
0.9918 |
|
45 |
0.9945 |
0.9945 |
0.9945 |
|
46 |
1.0000 |
1.0000 |
1.0000 |
|
47 |
0.9891 |
1.0000 |
0.9945 |
|
48 |
0.9945 |
0.9945 |
0.9945 |
|
49 |
0.9945 |
0.9891 |
0.9918 |
|
50 |
0.9836 |
0.9945 |
0.9891 |
|
Average |
0.9928 |
0.9963 |
0.9945 |
6. Test results for Combining of the previous five data hiding methods.
|
Test No |
Correct Detection Rate of Cover Images |
Correct Detection Rate of Stego Images |
Correct Detection Rate of All Images |
|
1 |
0.9399 |
0.9781 |
0.9718 |
|
2 |
0.9672 |
0.9792 |
0.9772 |
|
3 |
0.9836 |
0.976 |
0.9772 |
|
4 |
0.9508 |
0.9836 |
0.9781 |
|
5 |
0.9508 |
0.9825 |
0.9772 |
|
6 |
0.9235 |
0.9749 |
0.9663 |
|
7 |
0.9399 |
0.9628 |
0.959 |
|
8 |
0.9727 |
0.9716 |
0.9718 |
|
9 |
0.9508 |
0.9814 |
0.9763 |
|
10 |
0.9235 |
0.9727 |
0.9645 |
|
11 |
0.9617 |
0.9825 |
0.9791 |
|
12 |
0.9617 |
0.9814 |
0.9781 |
|
13 |
0.9235 |
0.9803 |
0.9709 |
|
14 |
0.9617 |
0.9705 |
0.969 |
|
15 |
0.9563 |
0.9683 |
0.9663 |
|
16 |
0.9399 |
0.9672 |
0.9627 |
|
17 |
0.9071 |
0.9639 |
0.9545 |
|
18 |
0.9235 |
0.977 |
0.9681 |
|
19 |
0.929 |
0.9705 |
0.9636 |
|
20 |
0.9508 |
0.9749 |
0.9709 |
|
21 |
0.9508 |
0.9803 |
0.9754 |
|
22 |
0.9454 |
0.9814 |
0.9754 |
|
23 |
0.9071 |
0.9814 |
0.969 |
|
24 |
0.9727 |
0.9749 |
0.9745 |
|
25 |
0.9563 |
0.976 |
0.9727 |
|
26 |
0.9399 |
0.9749 |
0.969 |
|
27 |
0.9672 |
0.9781 |
0.9763 |
|
28 |
0.9344 |
0.9902 |
0.9809 |
|
29 |
0.9563 |
0.9792 |
0.9754 |
|
30 |
0.9672 |
0.9738 |
0.9727 |
|
31 |
0.9508 |
0.9814 |
0.9763 |
|
32 |
0.9508 |
0.977 |
0.9727 |
|
33 |
0.9454 |
0.976 |
0.9709 |
|
34 |
0.9508 |
0.965 |
0.9627 |
|
35 |
0.9454 |
0.9825 |
0.9763 |
|
36 |
0.9454 |
0.9738 |
0.969 |
|
37 |
0.9071 |
0.9869 |
0.9736 |
|
38 |
0.9617 |
0.9781 |
0.9754 |
|
39 |
0.9454 |
0.9716 |
0.9672 |
|
40 |
0.9508 |
0.9672 |
0.9645 |
|
41 |
0.9235 |
0.9792 |
0.9699 |
|
42 |
0.9399 |
0.9825 |
0.9754 |
|
43 |
0.9344 |
0.9792 |
0.9718 |
|
44 |
0.9399 |
0.9749 |
0.969 |
|
45 |
0.9672 |
0.9738 |
0.9727 |
|
46 |
0.9235 |
0.9803 |
0.9709 |
|
47 |
0.9508 |
0.9814 |
0.9763 |
|
48 |
0.929 |
0.9814 |
0.9727 |
|
49 |
0.9454 |
0.9836 |
0.9772 |
|
50 |
0.9617 |
0.9672 |
0.9663 |
|
Average |
0.945682 |
0.97665 |
0.971494 |