Course Outline:
OPSE 402
Spring 2011
Instructor:
Andrei Sirenko
476 Tiernan
sirenko@njit.edu,
tel: (973) 596-5342
Office hours: Monday and Tuesday 11:30 am – 1:00 pm or by appointment
Course Materials:
Instructor handouts. References
books on reserve in Library. Lecture notes will be posted on the
web.
Recommended book: Hecht, Optics
Also consult the
Physical Review Style and Notation Guide at http://publish.aps.org/STYLE/ a copy
is available in the labs
Goals:
·
Learn about physical
phenomena by performing quantitative measurements
·
Gain experience with
techniques and instrumentation used in modern physics laboratories in Academia
and Industry
·
Gain experience in
solving problems, which occur in experimental measurements
·
Learn basics of data
acquisition, data analysis, data storage, and data presentation
Materials:
for this
course you will need a Lab Notebook with numbered pages
Note:
The
laboratory manual will be distributed in class or via the World Wide Web.
OPSE web address: web.njit.edu/~sirenko
LECTURE NOTES:
Lecture
1 LASERS
Lecture
2 SHG
Lecture
3 Raman
Scattering
Lecture
4 X-ray
Diffraction I; X-ray Diffraction II
LAB
MANUALS:
HeNe LASER
SECON HARMONIC GENERATION
X-RAY DIFFRACTION
(determine lattice spacing of cubic crystals and elastic strain in thin
films)
RAMAN SCATTERING
(excitation spectra of molecules by inelastic light scattering)
RAMAN SCATTERING
(phonons in crystalline Diamond, Silicon, and Germanium)
OPSE
Lab Open Hours: OPSE lab
(642-4956) will be open on Tuesdays. 8:30-11:30 am or by appointment.
OPSE
Lab Teaching Assistant:
Eric Standard
Prerequisites:
Recommended: Math 222 (differential equations), OPSE 301.
Assignments: You are responsible for all weekly reading and homework
assignments listed in this outline. The reading should be completed
BEFORE class each week. Homework assignments must be turned in according
to the schedule listed in the outline. Homework assignments may be turned in up
to 1 week late with a penalty of 1 full grade (ie. A becomes a B, B becomes a
C). Each student must turn in individual Homework assignments. No
group submissions will be accepted.
During
the course, you will complete 4 laboratory assignments. The lab reports are due
as indicated in the outline (nominally due 2 weeks after each experiment is
completed). Laboratory reports may be turned in up to 1 week late with a
penalty of 1 full grade (ie. A becomes a B, B becomes a C). Each student
must turn in an individual laboratory report. No group laboratory reports will
be accepted.
Groups
and Working Together: You
will typically work with one (maybe two) partners for these experiments. You
are encouraged to help each other with homework and laboratory assignments. It is expected (although not
required) that lab groups will present the same raw data in their laboratory reports.
However, each student must submit an individual laboratory report with their
own analysis, graphs, and discussion. DO NOT CUT AND PASTE your laboratory
reports from other students’ work.
Attendance: It is expected that you will attend every class. Since some of the equipment requires special safety
practices, do NOT miss scheduled laboratory days. Some experiments (the Raman
Scattering experiments) need to be scheduled in advance and may be scheduled
outside of our usual class time. Please be PROMPT and do not miss your assigned
times. If you anticipate an absence, please let your lab partners and your
instructor know immediately.
Exams: No written examinations will be given. Instead a Final Oral Report
will be presented during the week of Final Exams. The final oral report will be
a formal presentation of one of the experiments performed during the semester. Each student must present an individual laboratory
oral report. No group reports will be accepted.
Grades: Final Oral presentation will count as 1/4 of grade. Homework assignments
will count as ¼ of your grade. The lab reports will collectively count
as ½ of your final grade. Grades
of below 50% are failing (F).
· There
will be no food or beverages allowed in the Lab.
·
If equipment seems to be malfunctioning, see the lab instructor or teaching
assistant. You are not permitted to repair electrical equipment yourself.
·
If you have to move the equipment, make sure it is unplugged.
·
Lab manuals and equipment manuals may be signed-out for copying, but must be
returned immediately. Ask the staff for instrument manuals.
·
Damaged or lost manuals should be reported to the staff for replacement.
·
If you break something, report it to the lab instructor immediately so that it
may be fixed or replaced. Do not try to fix it yourself without reporting it.
If you break equipment while doing something less than brilliant, do not be
embarrassed to report it. You will not lose points if you break something, but
you will be in big trouble if you do not report it. Reporting problems so that
they can be corrected will gain you psychological points with the staff.
·
Clean up after your lab session; leave the apparatus and work area in good
condition for the next group.
·
Return tools, support stands, rods, brackets, etc. to proper place. If
you don't know the proper place, ask.
·
When you need a tool from a set (e.g. set of wrenches), take the whole
set, then return it whole. It is easier to locate a whole set than one missing
piece.
·
Do not use sticky tape, glue, aluminum foil, etc. in experiments; it
never works. Use a proper, professional-level method; ask the lab instructor if
you want to find the proper method.
Lab
Reports:
·
The report should be typed double-spaced (12 point font), and should be 4-6
pages long for the short experiments and 10 pages for the long one, excluding
figures.
·
While your experimental results may not be publishable, your report should be
of publishable quality.
·
Writing style should follow that outlined in "Style for students (and
Others)" by J. Schall, or the American Physical Society (APS) standard
outlined in
http://www.aip.org/pubservs/style/4thed/toc.html
and/or
Reviews of Modern Physics Style Guide
(for
those who prefer LaTex, templates can be downloaded from the Physical Reviews
and Physical Reviews Letters Web-pages; any paper from these journals can be
used as an example). The reports should be written in decent English, with full
sentences everywhere. Although you are not writing a literary essay, you are
not writing a recipe either. Be wary of typos (they will be penalized
increasingly harshly as the term progresses).
The
Lab Report should include the following sections:
1.
Title page with
·
Title of experiment
·
Author name
·
Date submitted
2.
Abstract
with
a short summary of the main results. It should be a self-contained paragraph,
which interprets the findings and describes their significance. The length is
about 5-10 lines.
3. Introduction
2
or 3 paragraphs with description of the point of the experiment, historical
overview, and a few references to recent scientific papers on the related
subject. References can be obtained by literature search at
http://www.library.njit.edu/
4.
Theory
This
should describe the theory and other background information relevant to your
experiment, including all relevant equations and derivations where necessary.
5.
Experimental procedure
This
section should by a general description of the method you have followed, and
should be complete and relatively detailed. It may include schematics of the
experimental setup. However, it should not be an excruciating list of every
small adjustment you made. This section can be a summary of the procedures
described in the various manuals you will be consulting, but it should not be a
literal transcription! Just for future reference for this lab, put detailed
procedures in an appendix to your paper.
6.
Experimental results
In
this section, results are reported in Tables and Figures, and the data and
error analyses you have done are described. Note that Figures and Tables need
to be numbered, to have captions, and to be introduced in the text (e.g. ``In
Figure 4 and Table 2 the measured voltage as a function of applied external
magnetic field is presented.''). Data in Figures and Tables should not
duplicate each other.
7.
Discussion
This
is where you bring it all together. You can restate your salient final results.
You can comment on sources of error, difficulties encountered, and suggest ways
to improve the measurements in the future.
8.
Conclusions
should
not repeat the Abstract
9.
References
follow
the APS style when citing references
Please
proofread your reports thoroughly and check your calculations carefully before
handing them in. Where appropriate (but only where appropriate), perform fits
to your data and report the fit parameters with errors. Be as quantitative as possible
in your analysis and discussion. Please read what you write and be advised that
the following will result in lost points:
·
Typographical errors
·
Figures or tables without captions
·
Plots or tables without error bars
·
Misreported numbers of significant figures in any x±d x (see Error Reporting)
·
Miscalculated errors
·
Missing or faulty units
·
Egregiously bad English writing
·
Undefined parameters used in equations
·
Reports handed in late will be severely penalized
Schedule
can change to accommodate new experiments
|
Week
|
Topic
|
Lab
Assignment
|
Reading/
HW exercises
|
|
1
|
Lasers,
gain, resonant cavities, transverse and longitudinal modes, CW and pulses
lasers
|
HeNe
Laser
|
Read:
Hecht, Optics, Section 13.1
Read:
Hecht, Optics, Chapt. 2, Sections 3.1-3.5
|
|
2
|
Electromagnetic
Theory, propagation of light,
Propagation
of waves in a medium
|
HeNe
Laser
|
Read:
Hecht, Optics, Chapt. 2, Sections 3.1-3.5
HW
Set 1
|
|
3
|
Non-linear
Optics, second and third-order nonlinearities
|
|
Read:
TBA
HW
Set 5
|
|
4
|
Examples
of non-linear optics – Four Wave Mixing, Second Harmonic Generation, Raman
Spectroscopy (RS)
|
SHG
Nd:YAG
laser
|
Laboratory
Prep material for lab.
|
|
5
|
Second
Harmonic Generation
|
SHG
Nd:YAG
laser
|
Read:
Hecht, Optics, Section 13.1HW Set 2
|
|
6
|
Second
Harmonic Generation
|
|
Laboratory
Prep material for lab.
|
|
7
|
Light
Emitting Diodes, Fiber optics, fiber-optic communications
|
|
Read:
TBA
HW
Set 3
|
|
8
|
LED’s
continued, soldering techniques
|
|
Construct
LED transmitter and receiver. Solder components to circuit board.
|
|
9
|
LED
based fiber-optic communications link
|
Comm
Link
|
Laboratory
Prep material for lab.
|
|
10
|
Raman
Scattering Spectroscopy
|
|
Read:
TBA
HW
Set 6
|
|
11
|
Raman
Scattering Spectroscopy – continued, applications
|
|
Read:
TBA
HW
Set 7
|
|
12
|
Raman
Scattering Spectroscopy – continued, applications
|
Raman
Spectroscopy
|
Laboratory
Prep material for lab.
|
|
13
|
Raman
Scattering Spectroscopy – continued, applications
|
Raman
Spectroscopy
|
Laboratory
Prep material for lab.
|
|
14
|
Finish
up Labs and Prepare Final Report
|
|
|
Final
Oral Presentation: Present a 15 minuite oral presentation
on one of the laboratory experiments that you conducted during the course.