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Professor of English Department of Humanities and Social Science |
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Home | HSS 211
Dr. Lynch
Spring, 1999
After the second Punic War, feelings against Carthage ran high in Rome. The Roman army under Scipio Aemilianus was sent to raze the city, sell the survivors into slavery, and make the entire land into a Roman province. The following description is taken from Appian's ROMAN HISTORY, Vol 1 (trans. Horace White). Appian of Alexandra: "The Destruction of Carthage" Then came new scenes of horror.
The fire spread and carried everything down, and the soldiers did not wait
to destroy the buildings little by little, but pulled them all down together.
So the crashing grew louder, and many fell with the stones into the midst
of the dead. Others were seen still living, especially old men, women
and young children who had hidden in the inmost nooks of the houses, some
of them wounded, some more or less burned, and uttering horrible cries.
Stll others, thrust out and falling from such a height with the stones,
timbers, and fire, were torn asunder into all kinds of horrible shapes,
crushed and mangled. Nor was this the end of their miseries, for
the street cleaners who were removing the rubbish with axes, mattocks,
and boathooks, and making the roads passable, tossed with these instruments
the dead and living together into holes in the ground, sweeping them along
like sticks and stones or turning them over with their iron tools, and
man was used for filling up a ditch.
Six days and nights were consumed in this kind of turmoil, the soldiers being changed so that they might not be worn out with toil, slaughter, want of sleep, and these horrid sights. Scipio, beholding this city, which had flourished 700 years from its foundation and had ruled over so many lands, islands, and seas, as rich in arms and fleets, elephants and money as the mightiest empires, but far surpassing them in hardihood and high spirits . . . now come to an end in total destruction--Scipio, beholding this spectacle, is said to have shed tears and publicly lamented the fortune of the enemy. After meditating by himself a long time and reflecting on the inevitable fall of cities, nations, and empires, as well as of individuals, upon the fate of Troy, that once proud city, upon the fate of the Assyrian, the Medean, and afterwards the great Persian empire, and most recently of all, of the splendid empire of Macedon, either voluntarily or otherwise the words of the poet [Homer] escaped his lips: The day shall come in which
our sacred Troy
Being asked by Polybius in familiar
conversation (for Polybius had been his tutor) what he meant by using these
words, Polybius said that Scipio did not hesitate frankly to name his own
country, for whose fate he feared when he considered the mutability of
human affairs. And Polybius wrote this down just as he heard it.
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