Cancer Innovation Scholars

Electrochemical microfluidic sensors enable rapid, cost-effective disease detection but current designs using carbon nanotube transducers require manual packing, introducing human error and reducing reliability. We developed porous hydrogels as an alternative transducer material that can be 3D-printed, increasing production consistency. Using calcium carbonate as a porogen and UV radiation for curing, we created highly permeable structures. Functionalization with metal-organic frameworks or CNTs enables selective detection of various diseases from COVID-19 to breast cancer through electrochemical impedance spectroscopy.

We developed machine learning models to diagnose breast cancer using two datasets: numerical Fine Needle Aspirate data and ultrasound images. For numerical data, we used Logistic Regression, Random Forest, and XGBoost Classifier, achieving 98% accuracy with Logistic Regression. Recursive Feature Elimination identified worst radius, perimeter, and concave points as key features. For image data, we built convolutional neural networks targeting 80% accuracy. Different balancing techniques were tested, with Borderline SMOTE 1 optimal for Random Forest and SMOTE ENN for XGBoost.

We developed a flexible, wearable biosensor using electrospun PVDF nanofibers encapsulated in PDMS with carbon nanotube electrodes. The piezoelectric PVDF converts acoustic waves to electrical signals, enabling detection of carcinogenic particles beneath the epidermis. Acoustic wave vibrations change based on mass densities, altering frequency responses. We fabricated both highly aligned and randomly aligned nanofibers, conducting voltage characterization and acoustic wave testing. This biocompatible, low-cost device could transform point-of-care cancer detection accessibility.

We investigated protein corona formation on nanoparticles, which affects targeting abilities in drug delivery systems. Using nanoparticle tracking analysis, we monitored polystyrene particles in various plasma conditions with different syringe pump speeds over 24 hours. Results showed that higher pump speeds slightly reduce particle size, and particle size reflects the Vroman effect with varying plasma ratios. Our findings indicate diverse protein composition in coronas, with ongoing research focusing on characterization using UV-visible spectroscopy, FTIR, and protein assays.

We developed a miniature peptide synthesizer to reduce costs and waste in cancer peptide therapeutics production. The design addresses previous selector valve issues causing leaks and poor flow control by implementing a new ball piston and spring mechanism. Using Fusion 360 CAD and stereolithography 3D printing, we created a selector valve with improved reliability. Current testing focuses on leak prevention across various solvents, with development progressing toward a multi-selector valve with 8 inlets and one outlet for point-of-use peptide synthesis capabilities.

We recreated tumor microenvironments using hydrogels to study burst pressure effects from negative pressure gradients. Using FRESH technique and subtractive needle methods, we created vascularized structures with 4.5% gelatin gel baths and 5% alginate protrusion material. Our multifaceted design incorporated piezoelectric film sensors, 3D-printed channel adapters, and controlled syringe pumps. Results include maximum burst pressure measurements, pressure ranges, and bulge strain data, providing insights into vascular behavior under tumor-induced pressure conditions.

We developed skin permeation models to assess chemical warfare agent penetration through dermal barriers into the bloodstream. Using existing Acute Exposure Guidelines Limits (AEGL) for respiratory exposure, we adapted these values to simulate skin permeation data and determine Permissible Exposure Limits (PELs) through the stratum corneum. Our approach utilized Fick's first law of diffusion combined with CompTox and PubChem databases to provide public health agencies with response timeframes for chemical threats and long-term health effect assessments.

We investigated electromagnetic fields (EMFs) as a potential noninvasive cancer treatment due to their anti-inflammatory properties. Using a Helmholtz coil producing 2-10 mT EMF intensity at 0.7 amps, we exposed primary mammalian epithelial cells (PME) and T47D breast cancer cells for 6-12 hours. Phase contrast microscopy and Trypan Blue live cell counts were used to observe cellular effects. We expected to observe apoptosis in cancer cells with minimal detriment to healthy cells, potentially supporting EMF therapy as a normalized treatment approach.

We developed a bioreactor system incorporating electrodes to study tumor cell responses to pulsed electric fields (PEF) as an alternative to conventional chemotherapy. Using 3D-printed molds and PDMS with integrated stainless steel electrodes, we created surface-engineered bioreactors with plasma and collagen treatments for cell adhesion. Connected to function generators, the system delivers controlled electrical stimuli to rat muscle cells (expecting twitches) and cancer cells (expecting cell death). This research aims to enhance electrotherapy productivity and efficacy for selective tumor targeting.